What recent decisions have been made by the Patna High Court and Supreme Court?
The recent rulings from the Patna High Court and the Supreme Court of India raise critical questions about property rights and legislative authority in Bihar. The Patna High Court has intervened to protect a Mahadalit woman from eviction, while the Supreme Court has struck down a controversial law aimed at acquiring a historic library and research institute.
Patna High Court’s Intervention
On March 10, 2026, the Patna High Court directed the Bihar government to halt the eviction of Saroj Devi, a Mahadalit woman, from her settlement in Begusarai district. This decision came as a response to concerns over the application of the Bihar Land Encroachment Act, 1956, and the court has sought clarification from the state regarding this legislation. The eviction has been paused until further orders, highlighting the court’s role in safeguarding the rights of vulnerable populations.
Supreme Court’s Ruling on Library Acquisition
In a separate yet equally significant ruling, the Supreme Court of India struck down the Srimati Radhika Sinha Institute and Sachchidananda Sinha Library (Requisition and Management) Act, 2015. The court found this law to be manifestly arbitrary and in violation of Article 14 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees equality before the law. The library, established in 1924 by Sachchidanand Sinha in memory of his wife, Radhika Sinha, has been a vital resource for research and education in the region.
Background of the Library
The library was created through a trust supported by Sachchidanand Sinha’s personal funds, which included a contribution of ₹50,000 from the sale of ancestral property, and a donation of 10,000 volumes. The 2015 Act allowed the state to acquire the library for a token compensation of just one rupee, a provision that the Supreme Court deemed confiscatory and lacking constitutional validity.
Supreme Court’s Critique of the 2015 Act
The Supreme Court’s decision emphasized that a statutory provision enabling the acquisition of property while reducing compensation to a token amount lacks the basic attributes of fairness. The court stated, “A statutory provision that enables acquisition of property while reducing compensation to a token amount lacks the basic attributes of fairness.” This ruling restores the management and administration rights of the library to its trustees, reversing the provisions of the 2015 Act.
Implications of the Rulings
These rulings underscore the judiciary’s role in protecting individual rights against arbitrary legislative measures. The Supreme Court’s assertion that “the absence of any principled or meaningful framework for compensation underscores the arbitrary character of the legislative measure” reflects a commitment to uphold constitutional values. This is particularly important in a context where property rights and access to educational resources are increasingly contested.
What Comes Next?
As the legal landscape continues to evolve, the implications of these rulings will likely resonate throughout Bihar and beyond. The Patna High Court’s decision to halt the eviction of Saroj Devi is a critical step in addressing the rights of marginalized communities. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court’s ruling on the library acquisition raises questions about the future of similar legislative measures that may seek to undermine established institutions. Details remain unconfirmed regarding any further actions from the Bihar government in response to these rulings.
